Sustainable transport is key for livable cities, where individuals have reliable and affordable access to essential services and opportunities within that urban environment. As the urban population grows, so does the demand for urban transport, and consequently, transport-related emissions. Over 55 per cent of the global population presently lives in cities, and this is expected to rise to 68 per cent by 2050, equivalent to almost seven billion people (UN DESA, 2019). As a result, urban travel accounts for 40 per cent of passenger transport’s global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and contributes significantly to local pollutant emissions in cities (ITF, 2021). Under current policies, emissions of toxic pollutants from urban traffic are expected to increase over the coming decades, despite cleaner vehicle fleets, in all but high-income world regions (ITF, 2023). While urban mobility is vital for connecting people to opportunities and services, it also remains a significant contributor to pollution in cities.
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