This paper addresses the gap in typological studies for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in the Middle East by creating a TOD typology for the area within a 400-meter radius of 33 metro stations in Mashhad, Iran. Utilising the 6D model (destination, distance, density, diversity, design, and demand management) and k-means cluster analysis, the study identifies five TOD archetypes: urban neighbourhoods, city commercial centres, specialised healthcare activity centres, recreational-educational activity centres, and transit centres. City commercial centres are the most prevalent, but the identification of new types, such as specialised healthcare activity centres and recreational-educational activity centres, adds to the existing TOD literature and has broader applicability. The research highlights the importance of TOD typologies in urban development and transit-oriented planning.
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