Urban growth has transformed cities, with global urban population rising from 34% in 1960 to 57% in 2022. Due to rapid urbanisation, challenges like traffic congestion and pollution have prompted investments in public transit systems as Mass Rapid Transit Systems (MRTS) and Bus Rapid Transit Systems (BRTS). This paper investigates the case of Kolkata MRTS in India to assess how “locational utility”—conceptualised as the combined influence of place-specific factors (density, land uses, walkability) and station-amenity factors affect ridership.

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